Spatial Behavior in Transportation Modeling and Planning

The recent policy discussions about information technology in transport and trafficdemand management have increased the interest in activity-based approaches to the analysis oftravel behaviour, in particular in the modelling of household activity scheduling which is at thecore of many of the required changes in travel behaviour. The paper is a state-of-the-art reviewof conceptualizations and models of activity scheduling with special regard to issues raised bythe new policy instruments. In the course of the review, the validity of behavioral assumptionsare critically examined and several needs for future research identified. Ben-Akiva, M. E., & Bowman, J. L. (1997). Activity based disaggregate travel demandmodel system with daily activity schedules. Transportation Research. Abstract: They present an integrated activity based discrete choice model system of anindividual’s daily activity and travel schedule, intended for use in forecasting urban passengertravel demand. The system is demonstrated using a 1991 Boston travel survey and level ofservice data. They present an integrated activity based discrete choice model system of anindividual’s daily activity and travel schedule, intended for use in forecasting urban passengertravel demand. The system is demonstrated using a 1991 Boston travel survey and level ofservice data. The model system represents a person’s choice of activities and associated travel as a dailyactivity pattern overarching a set of tours. The daily activity pattern includes (a) the primaryactivity of the day, with one alternative being to remain at home for all the day’s activities; (b)the type of tour for the primary activity, including the number, purpose and sequence of activitystops; and (c) the number and purpose ofsecondary tours. Tour models include the choice of time, destination and mode of travel, and areconditioned by the choice of a daily activity pattern. The choice of daily activity pattern isinfluenced by the expected maximum utility derived from the available tour alternatives.